BRICS Information Centre
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BRICS Information Centre |
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2024 BRICS Kazan Summit Interim Compliance Report
Ridhima Sinha, Sara Cai and Peter Ma
and the University of Toronto BRICS Research Group
31 October 2025
This interim compliance report assesses the compliance of the BRICS members for the period of 25 October 2024 to 30 April 2025. It assesses 8 priority commitments of the 134 commitments made by the leaders at the Kazan Summit on 23 October 2024.
Download the full report here. See the scores in Table 3.
We welcome feedback on this report! If you have any comment about our assessment, or if you know of any actions taken by a BRICS member between 25 October 2024 to 30 April 2025 that might affect that assessment, please contact us at brics@utoronto.ca. Please include publicly available evidence of the BRICS member government's actions.
The 2024 BRICS Kazan Interim Compliance Report, prepared by the BRICS Research Group (based at the University of Toronto), analyses compliance performance by BRICS countries with 8 priority commitments drawn from the total 134 commitments made by the leaders at the Johannesburg Summit, which was held on 25 October 2024.
This report draws on the methodology developed by the G7 Research Group, which has been monitoring G7 compliance since 1996 and adapted for monitoring G20 performance since 2008. The use of this time-tested methodology provides for cross-institutional, cross-member and cross-issue consistency and thus allows compatibility and comparability of the compliance performance by different summit institutions and establishes a foundation for evidence-based assessment of the effectiveness of these institutions.*
The methodology uses a scale from −1 to +1, where +1 (100%) indicates full compliance with the stated commitment, −1 (0%) indicates a failure to comply or action taken that is directly opposite to the stated goal of the commitment, and 0 (50%) indicates partial compliance or work in progress, such as initiatives that have been launched but are not yet near completion and whose final results can therefore not be assessed. Each member receives a score of −1, 0 or +1 for each commitment. (The formula to convert a score into a percentage is P = 50 x (S + 1), where P is the percentage and S is the score.)
* Informal summitry institutions are defined as international institutions with limited membership, relatively low bureaucracy and reliance on open, flexible and voluntary approaches. Regular meetings of the heads of states and governments who engage on a wide range of international, regional and domestic politics stand at the pinnacle of such international arrangements, which involve many actors operating according to established procedures on two levels: domestic and international. Commitments contained in the collectively agreed documents are not legally binding but their implementation is stimulated by peer pressure. Among such bodies engaged in global and regional governance are G7, G20, BRICS, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum and others.
At the 2024 Kazan Summit, the BRICS leaders focused on four priorities: strengthening multilateralism for a more just and democratic world order, enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security, fostering economic and financial cooperation for just global development, and strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development. The theme was “strengthening multilateralism for just and global development and security.” The topics discussed included reform of international finance architecture, humanitarian and peace resolution; establishing and supporting alternative payment systems as a complement or alternative to existing systems; elevation of the role and capabilities of the New Development Bank; addressing greenhouse gas emission removal; promoting financial inclusivity currency diversification and local-currency settlement; cooperation on health, food security and sustainable agriculture.
For each compliance cycle (that is, the period between summits), the research team selects commitments that reflect the breadth of the BRICS agenda and the priorities of the summit's host, while balancing the selection to allow for comparison with past and future summits. The selection also takes into account the breakdown of issue areas and the proportion of commitments in each one (see Table 1). The primary criteria for selecting a priority commitment for assessment are the comprehensiveness and relevance to the summit, the BRICS and the world. Selected commitments must meet secondary criteria such as measurability and ability to comply within a year. Tertiary criteria include significance, as identified by relevant stakeholders in the host country and scientific teams. Of the 134 commitments made at the 2024 Kazan Summit, the BRICS Research Group selected eight priority commitments for its compliance assessment (see Table 2).
This cycle the BRICS has expanded to 10 members and as such all members’ compliance has been assessed. For the interim compliance period, for all eight commitments selected for analysis, BRICS members achieved an average compliance of +0 (50%) as shown in Table 3. This assessment is based on relevant, publicly available information relating to actions taken from 25 October 2024 to 30 April 2025. Country rankings are listed in Table 4 and commitment rankings are listed in Table 5. The full report also includes Table 6, which lists compliance scores by member for all the BRICS summits.
| Issue Area | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Energy | 5 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||
| Finance | 3 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | |||||
| Climate change | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||
| Macroeconomic policy | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 2 | |
| Trade | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 30 | 7 | 21 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 16 |
| International cooperation | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 30 | 7 | 21 | 18 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 5 |
| Socioeconomic | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
| Development | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 7 | 11 |
| Natural disasters | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Food and agriculture | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | ||||
| ICT and digital economy | 2 | 1 | 17 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 4 | 7 | ||||
| Science and education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 8 | |||||||
| Health | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 14 | 4 | 5 | ||||
| Human rights | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 | ||||||
| Accountability | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Regional security | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 10 | |
| Terrorism | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 10 | ||
| Culture | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | |||||||
| Sport | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| IFI reform | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| Non-proliferation | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Crime and corruption | 4 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 | |||||
| Environment | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 | ||||||
| Tourism | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| International taxation | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Space | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Inter-BRICS cooperation | 1 | 19 | 13 | |||||||||||||
| Intergovernmental organization reform | 4 | 19 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Peace and security | 1 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Good governance | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Labour and employment | 3 | 5 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Infrastructure | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Gender | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 15 | 31 | 38 | 32 | 47 | 68 | 130 | 45 | 125 | 73 | 49 | 45 | 58 | 162 | 127 | 137 |
Notes: ICT = information and communication technologies; IFI = international financial institution.
| Issue Area | Commitment | |
| 1 | Regional Security: Palestine-Israel Two-State Solution | “We reaffirm our support for the State of Palestine’s full membership in the United Nations in the context of the unwavering commitment to the vision of the two-state solution based on international law including relevant UNSC [United Nations Security Council] and UNGA [United Nations General Assembly] resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative that includes the establishment of a sovereign, independent and viable State of Palestine in line with internationally recognised borders of June 1967 with East Jerusalem as its capital living side by side in peace and security with Israel.” |
| 2 | Development: Enhancement of Capacity Building and Knowledge Exchange | “We support the enhancement of capacity building and knowledge exchange, including by building synergies with knowledge sources from developing countries, the assistance of member countries in achieving the SDGs [Sustainable Development Goals] and the further improvement of efficiency and effectiveness to fulfill its mandate, aiming to be a premier multilateral development institution for EMDCs [emerging markets and developing countries].” |
| 3 | International Crime: Cooperation and Coordination Against Corruption | “We [commit] to promote BRICS cooperation in the prevention of and fight against corruption and strengthen our coordination on major issues of the international anti-corruption agenda, including United Nations Convention Against Corruption.” |
| 4 | Food and Agriculture: Trade in Agricultural Fertilizers | “We commit to minimize disruptions and promote rules-based trade in agriculture and fertilizers with the view to ensure a continuous flow of food and essential inputs for agricultural production.” |
| 5 | Health: Strengthen the International Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response System | “We reiterate our support to the central coordinating role of the World Health Organization in the implementation of multilateral international efforts to protect public health from infectious diseases and epidemics and commit to reform and strengthen the international pandemic prevention, preparedness and response system.” |
| 6 | Economics and Finance: Economic Cooperation | “We reaffirm our commitment to enhance macro-economic policy coordination, deepen economic cooperation and work to realize strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive economic recovery.” |
| 7 | Climate Change: Removal and Reduction of Greenhouse Gases | “We will strengthen cooperation on a whole range of solutions and technologies that contribute to the reduction and removal of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs).” |
| 8 | International Institutional Reforms: Support Necessary World Trade Organization Reforms | “We reiterate the decision under the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership 2025 to take actions to support the necessary WTO [World Trade Organization] reform to enhance the WTO’s resilience, authority and efficacy, and promote development and inclusivity.” |
| Issue | Brazil | China | Egypt | Ethiopia | India | Indonesia | Iran | Russia | South Africa | United Arab Emirates | Average | ||
| 1 | Regional Security: Palestine-Israel Two-State Solution | +1 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −0.20 | 40% |
| 2 | Development: Enhancement of Capacity Building and Knowledge Exchange | +1 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0.20 | 60% |
| 3 | International Crime: Cooperation and Coordination Against Corruption | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 | −0.40 | 30% |
| 4 | Food and Agriculture: Trade in Agricultural Fertilizers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | +0.20 | 60% |
| 5 | Health: Strengthen the International Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response System | +1 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +0.20 | 60% |
| 6 | Economics and Finance: Economic Cooperation | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | 0 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +0.90 | 95% |
| 7 | Climate Change: Removal and Reduction of Greenhouse Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 0 | −0.30 | 35% |
| 8 | International Institutional Reforms: Support Necessary World Trade Organization Reforms | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | −1 | −0.60 | 20% |
| +0.50 | +0.25 | 0 | 0 | −0.13 | −0.25 | −0.25 | −0.25 | +0.13 | 0 | 0 | 50% | ||
| 75% | 63% | 50% | 50% | 44% | 38% | 38% | 38% | 56% | 50% | ||||
| Rank | Member | Score | Average |
| 1 | Brazil | +0.50 | 75% |
| 2 | China | +0.25 | 63% |
| 3 | South Africa | +0.13 | 56% |
| 4 | Egypt | 0 | 50% |
| Ethiopia | |||
| United Arab Emirates | |||
| 7 | India | −0.13 | 44% |
| 8 | Indonesia | −0.25 | 38% |
| Iran | |||
| Russia |
| Rank | Commitment | Score | Average |
| 1 | Economics and Finance: Economic Cooperation | +0.90 | 95% |
| 2 | Development: Enhancement of Capacity Building and Knowledge Exchange | +0.20 | 60% |
| Food and Agriculture: Trade in Agricultural Fertilizers | |||
| Health: Strengthen the International Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response System | |||
| 5 | Regional Security: Palestine-Israel Two-State Solution | −0.20 | 40% |
| 6 | Climate Change: Removal and Reduction of Greenhouse Gases | −0.30 | 35% |
| 7 | International Crime: Cooperation and Coordination Against Corruption | −0.40 | 30% |
| 8 | International Institutional Reforms: Support Necessary World Trade Organization Reforms | −0.60 | 20% |